bella18 
Kuva Uburusiya butangije intambara yeruye kuri Ukraine, iyi ntambara yaranzwe n’ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ku rwego rwo hejuru.
Ikirere cya Ukraine cyahindutse aho indege zitagira abadereva (drone) zikoreshwa cyane, haba izo kuneka cyangwa izo kurwana. No mu nyanja ya Inyanja y’Umukara, hagiye kugaragara amato atagira abayatwara abangamira cyane ingabo z’Uburusiya zirwanira mu mazi.
Ubu Ukraine yatangiye gukoresha uburyo bushya bwo kohereza amarobo afite ibirwanisho ku rugamba. Hari amakuru avuga ko amarobo ya Ukraine n’ay’Uburusiya yamaze no guhangana hagati yayo ku rugamba, nta basirikare bari hafi aho.
Majoro Oleksandr Afanasiev wo muri Brigade ya K2 ya Ukraine, uyobora batayo ikoresha aya marobo, avuga ko ibi ari ibintu bishya ku isi.
Yagize ati: “Intambara z’amarobo zamaze gutangira.”
Amarobo yambikwa ibirwanisho
Imwe mu nzira iyi brigade ikoresha ni ukwambika amarobo imbunda zo mu bwoko bwa Kalashnikov rifle.
Majoro Afanasiev avuga ko amarobo ashobora kujya mu bice by’akaga abantu batabasha kugeramo, kuko ari imashini zitinya ubusa kandi zidatinya gupfa.
Batayo ayoboye isanzwe ikoresha amarobo yo ku butaka atwara ibisasu cyangwa amarobo yitanga (kamikaze) mu gusenya ibirindiro n’aho umwanzi yihishe.
Mu gihe drone zo mu kirere zikunze kumvikana urusaku rwinshi, amarobo yo ku butaka yo agenda atuje cyane ku buryo umwanzi adashobora kumenya ko igitero kigiye kuba.
Amarobo ashobora kurinda ibirindiro
Umusirikare uzwi ku izina ry’akabyiniriro “Afghan”, wungirije komanda wa Brigade ya 33, yavuze ko rimwe mu marobo ya Ukraine yari yambitswe imbunda nini yarashe imodoka y’Uburusiya yatwaraga abasirikare. Irindi robo na ryo rimaze ibyumweru ririnda ikirindiro cy’ingabo za Ukraine.
Ariko Afghan yemera ko hari imbogamizi zimwe na zimwe zigaragara mu ikoreshwa ry’aya marobo, harimo n’amategeko mpuzamahanga agenga intambara.
Yagize ati:
“Amarobo agezweho ashobora kwigenda, akabona umwanzi kandi akamumenya. Ariko icyemezo cyo kurasa gifatwa n’umuntu uyagenzura.”
Ibi bikorwa kugira ngo hirindwe amakosa ashobora gutuma amarobo arasa abantu batari abasirikare.
Amarobo agenzurwa kure
Akenshi amarobo akoreshwa ku rugamba agenzurwa n’abayakoresha bari kure y’aho imirwano iri, bakoresheje internet cyangwa ubundi buryo bw’itumanaho.
Aya marobo ya Ukraine ashobora kwambikwa:
- ibikoresho bitera amagerenade,
- imbunda nini,
- cyangwa koherezwa mu bice birimo mines cyangwa insinga z’inzitizi.
Uruhare rw’amarobo ruziyongera
Uwahoze ari umugaba mukuru w’ingabo za Ukraine, Valerii Zaluzhnyi, ubu uhagarariye igihugu mu Ubwongereza, yavuze ko amarobo azagira uruhare runini cyane mu ntambara z’igihe kizaza.
Avugira mu kigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya Chatham House, yavuze ko mu gihe kiri imbere hazabaho ibitero bikorwa n’amadrone menshi cyane icyarimwe—mu kirere, ku butaka no mu mazi—agenzurwa n’ikoranabuhanga ry’ubwenge bw’ubukorano Artificial Intelligence.
Yagize ati:
“Mu gihe kiri imbere tuzabona ibitero by’amadrone mirongo cyangwa amajana aza icyarimwe ava mu mpande zose.”
Kuki amarobo ari ingenzi
Majoro Afanasiev avuga ko nubwo abasirikare bakiri ingenzi cyane, amarobo arimo kuba igikoresho gikomeye cyo kubunganira.
Ati:
“Ukraine ishobora kwemera gutakaza amarobo, ariko ntishobora kwihanganira gutakaza abasirikare benshi.”
Ibi biterwa n’uko ingabo za Ukraine zifite ikibazo cyo kubona abasirikare bashya basimbura abagwa ku rugamba.
N’Uburusiya burayakoresha
Ku ruhande rw’Uburusiya na bwo burimo gukora amarobo y’intambara menshi, harimo robo yitwa Kuryer combat robot ishobora kwambikwa imbunda nini kandi ikagenda yonyine amasaha agera kuri atanu.
Hari kandi amarobo yitanga yitwa Lyagushka drone (bisobanura “igikeri”), akoreshwa mu gusenya ibirindiro by’ingabo za Ukraine.
Intambara z’amarobo ziraza
Umuyobozi wa sosiyete ikora amarobo ya Ukraine yitwa DevDroid, Yuriy Poritsky, avuga ko kuba impande zombi zikora amarobo menshi bizatuma vuba amarobo ahangana hagati yayo ku rugamba.
Yagize ati:
“Vuba cyangwa se bitinze, amarobo azatangira kurwana hagati yayo. Abantu bashobora kubibona nk’inkuru z’impimbano, ariko ku rugamba ni ukuri.”
Umusaruro w’amarobo uriyongera
Indi sosiyete ya Ukraine yitwa Tencore yakoze amarobo arenga 2,000 mu mwaka wa 2025.
Umuyobozi wayo Maksym Vasylchenko avuga ko mu 2026 bashobora gusabwa gukora amarobo agera ku 40,000, kandi nibura 10–15% azaba afite ibirwanisho.
Yagize ati:
“Amarobo yo ku butaka azaba igikoresho gikomeye mu ntambara. Ibi nta gushidikanya.”
Mu gihe kiri imbere, Vasylchenko ateganya ko amarobo azakoreshwa ku rugamba nk’uko abasirikare bakoreshwa ubu.
Aya marobo azwi nka UGV (Uncrewed Ground Vehicles), ni ukuvuga ibinyabiziga byo ku butaka bitagira ababitwara. Yamaze kugaragaza ko ari ingirakamaro cyane, kuko hari amakuru avuga ko yamaze no gusubiza inyuma ibitero by’Uburusiya ndetse rimwe na rimwe agafata n’imfungwa z’ingabo z’umwanzi.
